Algiers, the jewel of the Mediterranean’s blue waters, is where history and the interplay of cultures come alive among the whitewashed houses. This vibrant metropolis is a thrilling crossroads of Arab, Berber, and French heritage, where traditional bazaars bustle alongside modern cafés and impressive buildings, revealing Algeria’s diversity. Algiers is not only the capital of Africa’s largest country but also a place where every traveler can explore breathtaking landscapes and historical treasures—from the endless Sahara sand dunes to the shimmering Mediterranean coast.
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Algeria is the largest country in Africa and the tenth-largest in the world, yet it remains remarkably hidden. Although its territory is almost as large as Alaska and Texas combined, only 2.4 million tourists visited in 2019, ranking 111th globally. The difficulty of obtaining visas, the bloody civil war just three decades ago, and a government heavily reliant on hydrocarbon revenues have all contributed to the slow growth of tourism.
Despite this, Algeria boasts seven UNESCO World Heritage sites and more than 3,000 archaeological sites waiting to be discovered by adventurous travelers interested in rich history and natural beauty.
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LANGUAGE
In the city and desert, most people speak Algerian Berber or Arabic. Some also speak French. If you speak neither, have Google Translate handy.
CURRENCY
Cash is king. Credit cards are rarely accepted—bring U.S. dollars and exchange them for local dinars upon arrival. The official currency is the Algerian dinar (DZD). Important: all foreign currency must be declared on an official form upon entry, and local currency may not be taken out of the country.
Visa Information for Victoria Cruises Passengers:
Passengers must obtain a visa in advance from an Algerian embassy or consulate in their country of residence. The application requires proof of income, health insurance, and the cruise booking confirmation. It’s advisable to start the process early for a smooth entry experience.
Algeria’s History
Algiers has a rich and complex history shaped from ancient to modern times. Founded by the Phoenicians, it became a significant center under Roman and Byzantine rule. From the 7th century, it emerged as an important hub of Islamic culture following Arab conquest. Under Ottoman rule for centuries, it gained numerous forts and mosques. In the 19th century, French colonization modernized the city, but the 1954–1962 war of independence still resonates deeply with locals. Today, as Algeria’s capital, Algiers shapes the country politically and culturally while preserving its abundant historical legacy.
The Kasbah – The Historical Heart of Algiers
The Kasbah, Algiers’ old town and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a traditional hillside quarter with narrow, labyrinthine alleys, Ottoman palaces, and mosques. Its history dates back to the 4th century BCE, blending Roman, Arab, Berber, and Ottoman influences. It played a key role in the independence war as the center of the FLN.
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Visit the beautiful Palais des Raïs, now a cultural center, and the Dar Abd-el-Tif, which hosts concerts and exhibitions today. The Ketchaoua Mosque is among the most significant mosques in the Kasbah—be sure to check prayer times and dress appropriately. Hiring a guide is strongly recommended to safely navigate hidden palaces and share the rich legends and history, making the experience truly unforgettable.
Monument des Martyrs – Remember and Admire
The Monument des Martyrs (Maqam Echahid) is a defining historical site in Algiers, perched on a hill overlooking the city and the sea. The monument’s huge concrete structure—three interlocking hands—honors fighters from the War of Independence (1954–1962). Below it, the Museum of the Revolution (Mudjahid Museum) offers deeper insight into the country’s past. The war claimed around 1.5 million lives and was marked by guerrilla warfare, torture, and internal strife across communities.
This monument not only preserves painful memories but also stands in a peaceful park—ideal for reflective walks.
Hamma Botanical Garden – Algiers’ Green Oasis and Scientific Hub
Even if you’re not a fan of botanical gardens, the Hamma Botanical Garden (Jardin d’Essai) is a must-see in Algiers. Founded in 1832 during French colonial rule, this 5-hectare oasis was also the filming location for the first Tarzan movie in 1932. Wander among lush flora, refresh with a cool lemonade or tea, and enjoy a tranquil afternoon.
It’s more than just a tourist attraction—it’s a vital botanical research and conservation center, where scientists study plant genetics, ecology, biodiversity, and sustainable landscaping.
The Pasha’s Palace – The Splendor of the Past
The Algiers Pasha’s Palace, an 18th-century architectural gem, offers insight into Ottoman-era lifestyle. Its richly decorated interiors, mosaics, and inner courtyards evoke the former grandeur of Algiers.
Algiers’ Cafés and Cuisine – A Kaleidoscope of Flavors
While wandering the streets, don’t miss the local cafés serving mint tea and traditional sweets like baklava or makroudh. The local cuisine combines Mediterranean and North African spices and flavors in a uniquely delicious fusion.
Excursions Around the Area:
Oran – Algeria’s Bright Port City and Cultural Melting Pot
Oran, the country’s second-largest city and main port, sits about four hours by car from Algiers on the road to Tlemcen. It has a fascinating location close to Spain, which influenced its character for centuries. Originally populated by Berbers, later ruled by Phoenicians, Romans, and Arabs, Oran was a prominent Spanish colony until 1792 and thrived in Ottoman times.
Must-see sights include the Spanish-built Santa Cruz Fortress from the 1600s, offering breathtaking views from over 400 meters above the city. Visit the Grand Mosque of Oran, an important Islamic center, and the Sacré-Cœur Cathedral reflecting the city’s Christian past. Locals say Oran is a bit less safe than Algiers, but it’s still relatively secure and vibrant with lively nightlife—making it an attractive destination for travelers seeking history and culture.
Tlemcen – Gateway to Islam and the Sahara in Algeria’s Western Heart
Tlemcen is in northwestern Algeria, the western gateway of the country, about a five-hour drive from Algiers. This historic city is the portal to the Sahara and an excellent base for day trips to the Moroccan border, coastal areas, and the Beni Add caves.
In 2011, Tlemcen was named the Islamic Capital of Culture, highlighting its rich and diverse heritage. It blends Berber, Arab, Moorish, Ottoman, and Western influences, while also conserving more conservative Islamic traditions. For example, women wear the ornate tlemceni chedda at celebrations—listed by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Begin your visit at the Zianid Royal Palace (Al Mechouar), with origins dating to the mid-1100s. Then see the Tlemcen Grand Mosque, built in 1082, though currently closed to visitors. Other notable sites include the Sidi Boumediene Mosque and mausoleum, and the Al Mansourah fortress—worth seeing even from the outside. A popular open-air market is held on Sundays.
Tlemcen offers unforgettable immersion into local culture and tradition, beyond its historical significance.
Beni Add Caves – A Natural Wonder Over 65,000 Years Old
The Beni Add caves take you on a journey through time. Over 65,000 years old, they feature stunning natural formations in dramatic colored lighting, creating an otherworldly atmosphere. I felt like I was walking on the moon or another planet. It was also a welcome cool refuge from the external 40 °C heat—the temperature inside was around 16 °C.
Did You Know?
Women’s dress in Algeria is strongly tied to religious and cultural traditions. Most wear the hijab, which covers the hair and neck but leaves the face visible. It’s a personal choice, part of their identity. In rural areas, more traditional garments are common, while in major cities like Algiers and Oran, many combine modern styles with traditional elements. In Tlemcen, women wear the elaborate chedda during festive occasions—an item recognized by UNESCO.
Algiers is a unique stop on the Victoria Cruises Residential itinerary—offering a dramatic contrast to other Mediterranean ports. The colonial architecture, the old Kasbah, and the modern waterfront districts together paint a rich and culturally diverse capital. Even without disembarking, Algiers offers insight into North Africa’s captivating history and the many discoveries awaiting curious travelers.