By Machu Picchu, one of the world’s most iconic archaeological wonders, is nestled high in the stunning Andes Mountains at an altitude of 2,430 meters. This ancient Inca city is not only a symbol of Peru but also a part of the world’s cultural heritage, having been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Let’s explore why it’s considered one of the most unique travel destinations!
Origins and History
Machu Picchu was built in the mid-15th century, most likely during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacuti. During the golden age of the Inca Empire, Machu Picchu served as an important cultural and religious center. The architectural style and location suggest that the city held a sacred function, deeply connected with nature and religious beliefs. The name Machu Picchu means „old peak” in the Quechua language, and it is named after the nearby mountain. The Incas were skilled engineers, and their construction methods adapted perfectly to the mountainous terrain, with terrace farming and sophisticated water management systems. The buildings’ stone walls were constructed without mortar, with the stones fitting so precisely together that not even a knife blade could fit between them.
Interesting Facts
Machu Picchu was hidden by the jungle for centuries and was only rediscovered by American explorer Hiram Bingham in 1911. His name has since become synonymous with the site’s history. The city was likely never conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, making it one of the few Inca cities to remain intact. The terrace farming technique allowed the area around Machu Picchu to produce agricultural goods efficiently, making the city self-sustaining. With nearly 200 buildings, the city was designed to be earthquake-resistant, showcasing extraordinary engineering skills.
What to See
Machu Picchu is a unique attraction due to its stunning architectural details and natural surroundings, offering something special at every turn:
- The Temple of the Sun: One of the most important structures, built as part of the sun cult. Its special windows align with the movement of the sun, illuminating the sanctuary during the winter solstice.
- Intihuatana Stone: This carved rock served as an astronomical tool to observe the movement of the sun and stars, helping to determine agricultural seasons.
- The Temple of the Condor: An impressive rock formation resembling a giant condor, which was believed to be a spiritual intermediary in Inca mythology.
Visitor Experience
Getting to Machu Picchu is an adventure in itself, with several routes leading to the site. The most famous is the Inca Trail, a four-day trek through the breathtaking Andean landscape. However, it is also accessible by train, passing through the beautiful Urubamba Valley with ever-changing scenery.
Machu Picchu Tickets
Due to its immense popularity, tickets to Machu Picchu should be purchased in advance, as thousands of visitors enter the archaeological site daily.
Tip: Book your Machu Picchu entry tickets in advance
All-day ticket
Extra Tip: Bringing food, tripods, selfie sticks, and drones is prohibited.
Altitude sickness can be a concern at high altitudes. Fortunately, the ruins are at 2,450 meters, just below the 2,500-meter threshold where altitude sickness symptoms may appear. Spend a few days in higher-altitude Cusco to acclimatize before visiting the Mapi ruins.
Machu Picchu is not just a spectacular ruin but one of the world’s most mysterious and sacred places, where humans and nature existed in perfect harmony. If you discover this fascinating Inca wonder, you will surely return home with unforgettable memories.