Cayenne, the capital of French Guiana, is a magical city located at the meeting point of the South American rainforests and the Atlantic Ocean. While it may not be as well-known a tourist destination as other major South American cities, Cayenne holds true treasures for history, culture, and nature enthusiasts. This exotic city, with its vibrant life, colonial architecture, and tropical climate, is a great spot for an exciting adventure.
History
Cayenne’s history spans from its indigenous roots through French colonial conquest to modern times. Founded by the French in the 1600s, it became one of the most significant colonial hubs in this region of South America. One of the most defining episodes of French Guiana’s history is the infamous Cayenne prison islands, particularly Devil’s Island, where political prisoners and criminals were exiled. Though the islands no longer function as prisons, they are open to visitors and provide a glimpse into the region’s history.
Cayenne may not boast a long list of attractions, but it’s worth visiting. The city extends beyond its classic colonial-era atmosphere, with a small historic center filled with old wooden houses painted in bright colors.
Place des Palmistes – The heart of Cayenne, this beautiful square is a park lined with palm trees where both locals and tourists relax. The area is full of colonial-style buildings and cafes.
Cayenne Market – This colorful market is one of the best places to experience the local culture. Stalls are filled with tropical fruits, spices (including the famous cayenne pepper), handmade goods, and seafood.
Musée Franconie – One of the city’s most important museums, offering insights into the history, ethnography, and natural treasures of French Guiana.
Fort Cépérou – This fort once served as the city’s defense, and it offers fantastic views over Cayenne and the Atlantic Ocean. The fort’s remnants evoke memories of the colonial era.
Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur – Built between 1823 and 1833, but officially consecrated in 1874, this cathedral holds historical significance, having its altar, pulpit, and confessionals transferred from the chapel at the Îlet de la Mère prison camp. Declared a historical monument in 1992, the cathedral preserves its colonial style and is the primary religious building in French Guiana.
Jardin Botanique de Cayenne – The botanical garden is a perfect place for a peaceful stroll where you can admire the diversity of tropical plants. This garden is particularly known for its blooming orchids and exotic trees.
Montjoly Salt Pans – Located about 10 km from Cayenne, near Montjoly, these „salt pans” are not actually used for salt mining. The name likely comes from the natural salt deposits that form after seawater evaporates, creating a sort of lagoon.
Cayenne Pepper – The famous cayenne pepper, named after the city, is one of the most renowned local spices, popular worldwide. Although not originally cultivated in Cayenne, the spice is highly popular here and is a key ingredient in many local dishes. Read more about it here.
Cayenne is a unique destination that offers a blend of colonial history, cultural diversity, and stunning natural landscapes. Whether you’re drawn by history or nature, Cayenne is sure to leave lasting memories. Much like the cayenne pepper, the city is fiery and special, captivating tourists and food lovers alike.