Catania, one of the most exciting cities in Sicily, where history, culture and natural wonders meet. Nestled at the foot of Mount Etna, the city exudes a unique atmosphere where ancient ruins, baroque architecture and vibrant street life exist in perfect harmony. For an authentic Sicilian experience, Catania is guaranteed to captivate you with its vibrant markets, delicious food and stunning landscapes.
History of Catania – A city in the shadow of Mount Etna
Sicily is probably the most conquered island in Europe, as everyone has passed through here: the Greeks founded it in the 8th century BC, followed by the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, French, Aragonese and Spanish. The mishmash is particularly striking in Catania, which bears the mark of all the peoples who have settled here; crumbling Roman ruins are home to magnificent late Baroque architecture. On the Ionian coast, in the shadow of the volcano Etna, Catania is Sicily’s second largest city, a major commercial port and transit hub, and a convenient base for a trip to eastern Sicily. It is commonly referred to as the „black city” because of the black lava rocks used in its buildings, which are also found in the volcanic soil. Although it has been destroyed several times over the centuries, mainly by earthquakes and eruptions, the city always rises from the ashes. This ethos of renewal is literally inscribed on the city, with the Latin inscription on Porta Ferdinandea (one of the city gates) reading ‘Melio de cinere surgo’ , which means ‘I rise stronger from the ashes’.
Did you know that the worst eruption occurred in 1669, when the lava flow reached the city, obliterating part of it and completely changing the landscape. The devastation was compounded a few years later, in 1693, by a major earthquake that shattered the city and required almost complete rebuilding. It was from these disasters that the historic city we see today was born, rebuilt in impressive Baroque style with lava stone.
Things to see in Catania
With its distinctive black-and-white architecture, Catania is unique among the UNESCO-listed cities of the Val di Noto. While other baroque towns in Sicily are built with yellowish stone, Catania has taken advantage of the proximity of the volcano to source basalt stone, which has a distinctive black colour.
Discover the black and white Baroque architecture of Catania
Walking around Catania’s historic core, it’s impossible to miss the local Catania Baroque-style black and white stone buildings. Catania’s Baroque is a late blooming evolution of the style, and the black and white stone is unique to the Val di Noto region (of which Catania is a part).
Start your journey from Piazza Duomo, the heart of the city. The Liotru Fountain, as the locals call it, stands in the centre of the square. It’s a volcanic stone figure of an elephant carrying an obelisk, bearing a cryptic inscription (MSSHDEPL), probably an abbreviation for „the mind of Saint Agata sane and spontaneous, worshipping God and liberating the city”. Sant’Agata is the patron saint of the city and is celebrated every February with a sumptuous feast.
In the same square are the Town Hall, the Diocesan Museum, the Porta Uzeda gate leading to the city’s port and the 11th century Cathedral of Saint Agata, reconstructed in Baroque style.
From here, head along Via Etnea towards Piazza Università to admire Vaccarini’s Palazzo Sangiuliano and Palazzo Università, which has an impressive cobbled courtyard. A few steps ahead is the Basilica della Collegiata, a fine example of Sicilian Baroque. Following Via Etnea, you come to the crossroads known as Quattro Canti (four corners), flanked by impressive baroque balconies.
Along the Via dei Crociferi are impressive Baroque churches (San Francesco Borgia, San Benedetto, San Giuliano), mysterious monasteries and grand villas surrounded by secret gardens, such as Villa Cerami, now home to the law school.
Enjoy stunning city views
Right next to the cathedral is the church of Sant’Agata alla Badia, with its distinctive convex-convex façade, conceived by Vaccarini. Take the stairs up to the panoramic terrace and enjoy 360° views of the city, stretching from Piazza Duomo to the harbour, with Etna looming in the distance. The roof of the church of San Nicolò La Rena offers another stunning view from the highest point in Catania.
Discover Catania underground
Catania’s attractions are not just on the surface, as there are also exciting things to explore beneath the city. Mount Etna has repeatedly flooded the town with lava, burying the streets and the Amenano river, which now only flows underground.
One of the city’s underground highlights is the Achillian Baths, an ancient Roman bath complex located directly under the cathedral. The stucco decorations that remain in the vaulted halls depict human figures, vines and animals, and were captured in drawings by 18th-century travellers on the Grand Tour.
On the other side of the square, under the Amenano fountain (Fontana dell’Amenano), the river is visible again. The sculpture, made of Carrara marble by the Neapolitan artist Tito Angelini in 1867, depicts the river as a young man holding a cornucopia. The water flows under the fountain and then disappears underground again – locals call it the ‘funtana o’ linzolu’, or ‘sheet fountain’.
For a truly unique experience, visit A Putia dell’Ostello restaurant, where you can dine underground, right next to the Amenano River. In one of the restaurant’s caves, water flows just a few steps away from the tables, creating a unique atmosphere for guests.
Monastery of San Nicolò la Rena, the second largest Benedictine monastery in Europe
Founded in 1558, the Benedictine monastery is one of the most impressive Baroque buildings in Catania, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to the University of Catania. It was transformed by the lava eruption of 1669 and the earthquake of 1693, but still has many treasures to discover. Admire its baroque façade, its gargoyle balconies, its stucco grand staircase and its peaceful cloisters. Join a guided tour to discover the majolica-covered kitchen and the Roman domus hidden in the basement.
Don’t miss the Ursino Recupero library and the nearby church of San Nicolò La Rena, with its unfinished façade, sundial and historic organ, a sight to behold.
Visit Piscaria
Catania’s fish market, the piscaria , is one of the oldest in Sicily. Located just behind Piazza Duomo, it is a chaotic, colourful place that shows the true essence of the city. Come early in the morning to soak up its authentic, raw atmosphere. Immerse yourself in the hustle and bustle of the market as vendors shout their fresh catch. Freshly caught fish can be sampled among the screechers.
Castello Ursino – Swabian castle surrounded by lava
Built in the 13th century by Frederick II, this imposing fortress originally stood on a rocky hilltop surrounded by the sea. However, a massive lava flow in 1669 shifted the coastline, so the fortress lost its defensive role but retained its monumental appearance. Today, the building houses the archaeological collection of the Duke of Biscari, which Goethe himself admired during his travels in Sicily.
The hidden ancient theatres and baths of Catania
The Roman theatre of Catania was built in the 2nd century on the foundations of an earlier Greek theatre. After rain, the water that floods the stage reflects the city, creating a unique spectacle. Next to it is the smaller Odeon, once a venue for musical and literary performances.
Nearby is the Terme della Rotonda, a Roman bathing ruin on which a church with frescoes was built in the Byzantine era. And beneath Piazza Stesicoro is the Roman amphitheatre of Catania, once the largest of its kind in Sicily. It was the first church in the Romanesque city of Sicily. Built in the 1st century AD, it could seat more than 15,000 spectators, but over the centuries the city gradually built on top of it, partially burying this ancient wonder.
Biscari Palace – Baroque jewel of Catania
The Biscari Palace was one of the most important stops for all travellers in the 18th century, rising above the ancient walls of the city and one of the most important buildings in Catania. Ignazio Paternò Castello III, the fifth Duke of Biscari, an art-loving archaeologist and collector, had it built in Baroque style after a devastating earthquake. Even Goethe admired its collections during his tour of Sicily. The palace is still the home of the noble family and, if you’re lucky, the heir himself will guide you through it, with personal stories to tell. The stunning Rococo ballroom, the rooms decorated with mythological frescoes and paintings, the rosewood boiserie bedrooms and the original 18th century floors all create a special atmosphere.
Attractions around Catania
Mount Etna – the fiery giant of Europe
Mount Etna, Europe’s highest and most active volcano, offers stunning scenery and exciting adventures. You can hike its forests, explore its lava caves and even ski its slopes in winter. Access to the craters is only possible with a licensed guide, so it’s worth taking a guided tour.
The weather is unpredictable, so always carry a jacket and closed shoes, even in the summer months. Although some parts can be explored on your own, an expert guide can share interesting details about the volcano’s geology, history and local legends. Etna is not only a natural wonder, but also one of Sicily’s most iconic symbols.
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Taormina – The jewel box of Sicily
Taormina is a picturesque hilltop town with stunning views of Mount Etna and the Ionian Sea. The ancient Greek theatre is one of the city’s main attractions, where history and panorama combine to enchant visitors. Its winding cobbled streets, elegant shops and charming restaurants make it one of the most popular destinations in Sicily. The nearby Isola Bella, a tiny island with beautiful beaches and crystal clear waters, is the perfect place to relax.
Siracusa and the island of Ortigia – One of the centres of the ancient Greek world
Siracusa was one of the most important cities of ancient Greek culture and still preserves its historical monuments. The Greek theatre in the Neapolis Archaeological Park, the giant Latomian quarries and the famous Ear of Dionysus are fascinating sights. The island of Ortigia is the historic centre of the city, where narrow streets, baroque palaces and the imposing Arethusa fountain enchant visitors. The island’s bustling market and seaside promenades are perfect for a pleasant afternoon’s wandering.
Aci Trezza and Aci Castello – Land of legend and history
Aci Trezza is a picturesque fishing village, made special by the famous Ciclopi rocks – myth has it that they were thrown by Polyphemus after Odysseus’ ship. The crystal clear waters and rocky coastline offer excellent opportunities for diving and boating. Nearby Aci Castello is a seaside town, the main attraction of which is a castle built of black lava stone dating from the Norman period. The castle offers a breathtaking view of the Ionian Sea and houses a small museum on the history of the place.
Culinaria and wines
Catania, a centre of Sicilian cuisine, offers a wealth of delicious dishes:
Pasta ca muddica alla catanese : I’ve already mentioned the delicious Pasta alla Norma, inspired by the native composer Vincenzo Bellini, but give this pasta topped with anchovies, toasted breadcrumbs and wild stones a try.
Freshly baked seafood : Do you like street food? Stop by the fish market and try some of the delicious seafood served in paper cones.
Arancino : The world-famous Sicilian fried rice balls are traditionally filled with casserole, but you can also find creative fillings such as aubergine or pistachio
Cipollina : Puff pastry filled with onions, tomato sauce, ham and mozzarella.
Cannoli is one of Sicily’s best-known sweets: a crispy, fried pasta roll filled with sweet ricotta, candied fruit or chocolate.
A cassata is a rich, colourful cake made of sponge cake, ricotta filling and marzipan, often decorated with candied fruit and icing.
The frutta martorana is a fruit imitation made from carefully shaped and painted marzipan, which is not only delicious but also a real work of art.
Nero d’Avola and Etna wines – famous wines of Sicily, well worth tasting at a local winery or trattoria. To read more about it, you can do so here
Catania is a city where history and nature merge while the streets are bustling with life. Whether you want to climb Mount Etna volcano, admire the baroque architecture or discover the flavours of Sicilian cuisine, this city has something special in store. When in Sicily, Catania is a must!